Essay Comparison of Three First World War Poems - 1162 Words

Comparison of Three First World War Poems The three poems that I will be studying in this essay are â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen, â€Å"Comrades: An Episode† by Robert Nichols and â€Å"Who’s For The Game?† by Jessie Pope. These poems are about the First World War and two of them seem to have a negative attitude criticising and downgrading the so-called spectacular experience of the First World War. In â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† Wilfred Owen seems to mention good aspects of the War but compares them to low-class tragic events. In â€Å"Comrades: An Episode† Robert Nichols describes the event of a soldier being badly injured and eventually dying. It describes what the corporals and soldiers did and how†¦show more content†¦In the second poem, â€Å"Comrades: An Episode† the same picture comes to mind by using different techniques. The poem is written in the style of a story, which gives the writer more opportunity to include descriptions and deta ils. In this poem the narrator is the leader of a group of men and he mentions names and, as he knows his men so well, he can create and describe vivid pictures of them, such as â€Å"Not to see them: Wilkinson, Stubby, Grim.† Other ways he describes his men is by the speech they use regularly. â€Å"Who’s For the Game?† shows the thoughts that Jessie Pope has towards the war; she views the war as very straight forward and simple; join the army, fight, win, then go home. There is some reality points in the text even though they are understated, such as; It wont be a picnic - not much, and Come back with a crutch. This second quote is very misleading, Pope is saying that a crutch is the about the worst thing that could happen when over a million Englishmen died fighting for their country. She uses metaphors in her poem including the title of the poem. In the title â€Å"Who’s For The Game?† was has been compared to an enjoyable experience making the war seem less scary, and making people become more eager to go. â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† has four verses, all ofShow MoreRelatedWorld War One Poetry Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War One Poetry For this assignment I am going to give a detailed consideration of poems from World War 1. I will be looking at poems by Wilfred Owen, Jessie Pope, Rupert Brooke and Siegfried Sassoon. I intend to study the language, imagery and poetic techniques of the poems. I am going to begin with some of the earlier war poetry. These poems were written to encourage young men to join the army. They are patriotic, jingoistic and unrealistic. These were writtenRead More The Horrors of War in Wilfred Owens Poem, Dulce et Decorum Est1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Horrors of War in Wilfred Owens Poem, Dulce et Decorum Est From the earliest records of history, accounts of war have been portrayed as valiant acts of heroism. Children and adults alike have gathered together to hear tales of war and its glory. From the stories of Alexander the Great to recent-day movies like Saving Private Ryan, war has been praised and exalted with words such as bravery, honor, and freedom. However, Wilfred Owens poem Dulce et Decorum Est shows the ugly, horribleRead MoreRole of the Gods in the Odyssey1181 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen an important part of culture, in present times and even dating back to the times of the Trojan War and before. No matter what religion a person practices or believes in the role of the certain gods believed in has always been important. In three separate pieces we have read we have seen the importance of the gods, or God, play a key role in the development of the literature. In Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey, the gods are key in Odysseus’ return to Ithaca after twenty years. Wheth er it is helpingRead MoreComparison of Philip Larkin ´s High Windows and Seamus Heaney ´s Punishment905 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame a Liberian at the University of Hull. He would stay on working at the University until his death in 1895. During the first few months of his time working at the University he stayed in various bedsits, after this he moved into a flat which appears to be the same flat in which he wrote his poem â€Å"High Windows† which was first published in 1974. Clive James commented on this poem by saying: â€Å"The total impression of High Windows is of despair made beautiful.†1 The speaker of â€Å"High Windows† is mostRead MoreAnthem For Doomed Youth By Wilfred Owen932 Words   |  4 Pagesprotect their country. The poem is 14 lines with themes of war, religion and death. In just two stanzas there is a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCD EFFEGG that is seen. The first stanza represents the octave and the second stanza represents the sestet. Owenâ⠂¬â„¢s poem in the form of a sonnet puts the volta going from the first to second stanza by connecting the battlefield to back home. Owen puts the poem together by having similes, repetition and comparisons. Owen begins the poem with more of a religious questionRead MoreHow Does Wilfred Owen Describe the Horrors of War in Dulce Et Decorum Est?1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe First World War was a time of great loss of life and bloodshed. Wilfred Owen, a soldier fighting with the British Army, wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est to describe, possibly to the public, the horrific consequences of taking part and fighting in the war. During the poem, he describes the aftermath of a poison gas attack, and the injuries sustained by a soldier whom had inhaled the deadly substance. Owen uses gruesome imagery to vividly show in verse the horrible death the soldier faces, inRead More Jessie Popes Attitude toward War in the Poem Whos For the Game1196 Words   |  5 Pages Jessie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title Whos for the game? It shows that her attitude toward war was that it was a great big event that everyone should Read MoreHorror of War and Their Effects831 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War One is an event that occurred from 1914 to 1918. This war was very horrific and shocking incidents which shook the world. The First World War was a time of great loss of life and bloodshed. It was known as terrors and misery throughout the entire war. In the short story â€Å"1919† by Morrison and the poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen these two pieces of literature show the horror of war and their effects. World War One is known for the horrific and shocking incidents as well as theRead MoreWilfred Owen s A Soldier For The Allies1707 Words   |  7 Pagesdeaths in World War I was approximately sixteen million and the number of people injured is twenty million, resulting in a combined total of thirty-seven million affected by World War I. Wilfred Owen was a soldier for the allies, an alliance composed of the United States, England, France. He bravely gave his life to attempt to end the war. However, before he died, he wrote a number of poems based on the things he endured while fighting in the war. Wilfred Owen uses his experiences from war, such asRead More To compare the ways in which these poems display the horrors of war.1616 Words   |  7 PagesTo compare the ways in which these poems display the horrors of war. I have selected three poems, The Soldier, by Rupert Brooke, Dulce et Decorum Est, and Anthem for Doomed Youth, both written by Wilfred Owen. Compare how these poems show the horrors of World War 1. To compare the ways in which these poems display the horrors of war. I have selected three poems, The Soldier, by Rupert Brooke, Dulce et Decorum Est, and Anthem for Doomed Youth, both written by Wilfred Owen. I chose

Unnatural Relationships Prompted by Power - 671 Words

A struggle for supremacy between parent and offspring is a reoccurring theme throughout William Shakespeare’s tragedy King Lear. The play unfolds as King Lear is deciding how to divide his realm amongst his three daughters. Lear’s two eldest daughters, Goneril and Regan, flatter their father with elaborate speeches of love hoping to inherit the largest piece of land. Unknown to Lear, his daughter’s so-called â€Å"unconditional† love for him is nothing more than an attempt to possess dominance over the kingdom. Consequently, an unnatural relationship between father and daughters is created due to the pursuit of power. The first sign that Lear’s daughters desire control is observable in Regan’s dialogue in act one scene one. After Goneril appeals her love for Lear Regan replies, â€Å"I am made of that self mettle as my sister / And prize me at her worth. In my true heart / I find she names my very deed of love; / Only she comes too shortâ₠¬  (lines 76-79 page 11). Here Regan claims that her and Goneril are the same, yet Goneril’s love is not as worthy as Regan’s. Both daughters are competing against each other in order to obtain the most amount of land. As a result, an abnormal relationship is formed because the daughter’s drive to love their father should not be based on material possessions. Goneril’s and Regan’s motivation is the control they will receive in deceiving their father with false love. Additionally, the concept of unnaturalness between daughters and father due to beingShow MoreRelatedDubai Refreshments Company, The Sole Franchisee And Distributor For Pepsi Co1437 Words   |  6 Pagesto its competitors Weaknesses Competition with other local groups like Al Ahlia Gulf Line and Aujan Industries High calorie and sugar carbonated drinks leading to health issues and obesity within the country Large quantities of preservatives and unnatural flavoring used Company External Environment: The external environment of a company is a set of factors outside the organization that regardless of being external, influence its functioning. The PESTLE analysis provides detail insight on these environmentalRead MoreAristotle s View Of Politics Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity and work together for the sole purpose of achieving the best possible outcomes, and insist that those who do not associate themselves with such ideals are not actually human beings at all. He insists that solidarity and isolationism is unnatural and that it is not a way to meet man s natural end. What is more, he evokes that as opposed to other animals man has the characteristic of reason and this is evident through our ability of to speak when communicating with each other. Thus, throughRead MoreEssay on Role of Nature in Mary Shelley’s Mathilda1668 Words   |  7 Pagesunruly consequences. Their relationship is a crime against the laws of Nature and causes Mathilda to become ostracized f rom the very world that she loved as a child. Shelley’s implementation of naturalistic imagery accentuates the unlawful and subsequent ramifications of the relationship between Mathilda and her father and contrasts the ideals and boundaries of the natural and spiritual worlds. Naturalistic imagery encompasses Mathilda’s childhood as she is prompted to take solace in Nature dueRead MoreYour Beliefs, Alignments, And Interest1662 Words   |  7 Pagesand myself we were able to have a 5-minute conversation to use as my data. Due to the unfamiliarity with Vic the Security Guard, the conversation permitted overgeneralization of each person’s identity causing a power struggle to accommodate to their perceptions. The stronger the relationship between interlocutors allows for a deeper understanding that each is a complex individual. Likewise, upon first interaction, people tend to haphazardly stereotype trying to categorize a person as quick as possibleRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis1502 Words   |  7 PagesWritten by William Shakespeare, Hamlet has a strong relationship with the authors society and era, being the late 1500’s to early 1600’s. Hamlet, a character is confliction with his society, shows different views and actions to his fellow Danish men. 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When Ariston died, Athenian law forbade the legal independence of women, and, therefore, Perictione was given to marriage to Pyrilampes, her mother’s brother who is a prominent pro-democracy leader, a friend of Pericles, and the Athenian ambassador to Persia. I was born in 428 B.C., shortly after the Great Plague, when Athenian power was at its height. However, when Athenian leadersRead MoreLove in Mythology Essay1776 Words   |  8 Pagescompletely in love with her. Cupid dumbfounded by the love, he suddenly feels Psyche carry him off. Although Psyche is never able to gaze on Cupid, she is confident of the love her unseen paramour expresses in the dark each night. Eventually, prompted by her unbelieving and somewhat envious sisters, she lights a lamp and discovers that her lover is Cupid. Unfortunately, Cupid hurt by both the oil sputtering from the lamp and her faithlessness fees. Psyche deeply grieved by her lack of faithRead MoreGender : Objectification Of Women, Emotional Literacy And Gender Roles1776 Words   |  8 Pagesused and thrown away, with their primary value based on the sexual gratification of men (Wright Tokunaga, 2016). Women in American society are expected to conform to the standards of beauty outlined in advertising, even though those images are unnatural and enhanced through Photoshop. Social media shows videos of how the photo of a real model, with all her natural beauty and flaws, is manipulated; the flaws erased, eyes unrealistically enlarged, thighs reduced and cellulite smoothed away. The direct

Zigbee Free Essays

The message therefore contains two destination addresses: * Address of the final destination * Address of the node which is the next â€Å"hop† The way these addresses are used in message propagation depends on the network topology, as follows:Star Topology All messages are routed via the Co-ordination. Both addresses are needed and the â€Å"next hop† address is that of the Co-ordination. Tree Topology A message is routed up the tree until it reaches a node that can route it back down the tree to the destination node. We will write a custom essay sample on Zigbee or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both addresses are needed and the initial â€Å"next hop† address is hat of the parent of the sending node. The parent node then resends the message to the next relevant node – if this is the target node itself, the â€Å"final destination† address is used. The last step is then repeated and message propagation continues in this way until the target node is reached. Mesh Topology In this case, the propagation path depends on whether the target node is in range: * If the target node is in range, only the â€Å"final destination† address is used. If the target node is not in range, the initial â€Å"next hop† address is that of the first node in the route to the IANAL destination. The message propagation continues in this way until the target node is reached. I I Application programs in intermediate nodes are not aware of the relayed message or its contents – the relaying mechanism is handled by the Gibe stack. I I The message propagation metho ds for the different topologies are illustrated by the animations below. Star Topology Tree Topologies Topology I Click â€Å"Next Page† to continue. I Previous Page | 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 I Negotiate o connecting 1 Route Discovery The Gibe stack network layer supports a â€Å"route discovery’ facility in which a mesh outwork can be requested to find the best available route to the destination, when sending a message. Route discovery is initiated when requested by a data transmission request. Route Discovery Options There are three options related to route discovery for a mesh network (the required option being indicated in the message): SUPPRESS route discovery: The message is routed along the tree. ENABLE route discovery: The message is routed along an already discovered mesh route, if one exists, otherwise the Router initiates a route discovery. Once this is complete, the message will be sent along the calculated route. If the Router does not have the capacity to store the new route, it will direct the message along the tree. FORCE route discovery: If the Router has the route capacity, it will initiate a route discovery, even if a known route already exists. Once this is complete, the message will be sent along the calculated route. If the Router does not have the route capacity, it will route the message along the tree. Use of this option should be restricted, as it generates a lot of network traffic. Route Discovery Mechanism The mechanism for route discovery between two End Devices involves the following . A route discovery broadcast is sent by the parent Router of the source End steps: Device. This broadcast contains the network address of the destination End Device. 2. All Routers eventually receive the broadcast, one of which is the parent of the destination End Device. 3. The parent Router of the destination node sends back a reply addressed to the parent Router of the source. 4. As the reply travels back through the network, the hop count and a signal quality measure for each hop are recorded. Each Router in the path can build a routing table entry containing the best tat to the destination End Device. 5. Eventually, each Router in the path will have a routing table entry and the route from source to destination End Device is established. Note that the corresponding route from destination to source is not known – the route discovered is unidirectional. I The choice of best path is usually the one with the least number of hops, although if a hop on the most direct route has a poor signal quality (and hence a greater chance that retries will be needed), a route with more hops may be chosen. Device and Service Discovery The Gibe specification provides the facility for devices to find out information about other nodes in a network, such as their addresses, which types of applications are running on them, their power source and sleep behavior. This information is stored in descriptors on each node, and is used by the enquiring node to tailor its behavior to the requirements of the network. Discovery is typically used when a node is being introduced into a user-configured network, such as a domestic security or lighting control system. Once the device has Joined the network, its integration into the outwork may require the user to start the integration process by pressing a button or similar. The first task is to find out if there are any other devices that it can talk to. For example, a device implementing the switch conforming to the HOC profile tries to find devices containing HOC load controllers to which it could potentially send its switch state information (the process of associating the switch with a particular load controller is handled by the binding process, presented earlier in this course). There are two types of discovery, Device and Service Discovery: Device Discovery Device Discovery involves interrogating a remote node for address information. The retrieved information can be either: * the MAC (IEEE) address of the node with a given network address * the network address of the node with a given MAC address. If the node being interrogated is a Router or Co-ordination, it may optionally supply the addresses of all the devices that are associated with it, as well as its own address. In this way, it is possible to discover all the devices in a network by requesting this information from the Co-ordination and then using the list of addresses corresponding to the children of the Co-ordination to launch queries about their child nodes. How to cite Zigbee, Papers

Hedda Gabler By Ibsen Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Hedda Gabler By Ibsen Argumentative Essay Henrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler is not truly indicative of his vast body of work:the protagonist is female and the play is a character study. Oddly enough,though, Hedda does not evolve or progress throughout the entirety of the work. Rather, she remains a cold and manipulative woman. When this fact is realized,the only task is discovering why Hedda continues as a flat character who isrestrained from gaining the status of a hero. Truthfully, there are manyvariables that shape Heddas life. Nonetheless, two factors in particularstand outher father, General Gabler, and the repressive, masculine society ofthe era. Although Ibsen does not directly address these issues, he succeeds inconveying their critical significance. A common underlying theme in Ibsenswork is the linking of death and music. And, as one might have deduced, thispremise is employed in Hedda Gabler. Moreover, the ever-present piano, belongingto the late General Gabler, symbolizes Heddas past freedom, prior to marryingGeorge Tesman, as the Generals daughter. A more obvious example ofGeneral Gablers influence over Hedda is the large portrait of him thatdominates the inner room. In fact, as Ibsen initially describes the singleset, he momentarily focuses o n the presence of the portrait of the handsome,elderly man in a Generals uniform (Ibsen Act 1). With this description,the reader is made aware of the Rhoades 2 Generals presence, even after hisdeath. Arguably, the most significant influence the General has over Hedda isthe fact that Hedda is unable to rid herself of her Hedda Gabler identity. It is extremely odd to be known by a name that is, in effect, a product of thepast, as Hedda has recently become Hedda Tesman. Throughout the play,Hedda is referred to as Hedda Gabler, or , more simply, GeneralGablers daughter. This fact is also indicative of the kind offacelessness that women of the era were often subject to. Yet anotheraspect of the Generals rearing of Hedda is her unusual fascination with hispistols. This fascination is one of the first given clues that Hedda was raisedas a boy would have been. The mere possibility of Hedda being raised as a maleis sufficient evidence to explain her underlying disdain at being awomanunable to express herself as a man would. Instead, Hedda simplycontents herself with negative behavior instead of constructive action (Linnea91). Since she cannot express herself outright, she amuses herself bymanipulating others. The most compelling episode of Heddas perfected brand ofmanipulation is the role she plays in the death of Eilert Lovborg, a formerlove. Despite the fact that Eilert is the only person who can evoke true passionin her, Hedda feels the need to destroy him, purely for the purpose ofhaving the power to mould a human destiny (Ibsen 2). Since she is unableto directly control anyone or anything, Hedda chooses to rebel against thesociety that shapes her and obliterate one of its future leaders. Needless tosay, the Victorian era of literature and society did not offer a profusion ofopportunities for young women. This fact is made abundantly clear in HeddaGabler. Despite the fact that society stifles Hedda, it is not the only factorRhoades 3 that restrains her from gaining independence, as well as expressingherself. In reality, Heddas own cowardice generously contributes to herinescapable end. But, of course, the root of her cowardice is her former lifeinvolving her father, General Gabler. Even though Hedda takes pleasure increating scandal, however, she is deathly frightened of being associated withit. One such incidence involves Thea Elvsted, Heddas long- forgottenschoolmate, explaining to Hedda her current, scandalous situation concerningEilert Lovborg, who is Theas stepchildrens tutor. Specifically, Thea isrebelling against the conventions of society and pursuing Lovborg. Hedda,constantly aware of scandal, responds in a predictable manner: But what doyou think people will say of you, Thea? (1). This scene is the first of manythat reveals Heddas inability to disregard society and scandal and live thelife she has never dared to live. Indeed, the sole reason that Hedda marriesGeorge Tesman is due to the fact that he is the only one of her suitors thatexpresses an interest in marriage. Once again, Heddas fear of societysideals for women forces her to compromise her thoughts and desires, therebycausing her to feel jealous and trapped. It Heddas mind has merely goneround and round the cage she has built for herself, looking for a way toescape (Ellis-Fermor 43). In other words, Hedda has come to the realizationthat there is no way out of her place in society, as well as life. Shewill never be any mans equal or a real person. Also, much like the restof society, Tesman views Hedda as an object, a collectible. Finally, due to thecircumstances imposed upon her by Norwegian society, Hedda responds with the oneact of courage she has managed to muster in her short, meaningless lifeshekills herself with her fathers pistol. Rhoades 4 While Hedda is considerablyresponsible for her cowardice and her failure to sufficiently express herself,the way in which she was raised, as well as the society in which she lives, bothplay major roles in the shaping of her character. If it were not for herextenuating circumstances, as well as her solitary act of courage, one can onlyspeculate what she might have come to represent in contemporary feministliterature. However, literature is not founded on speculation and guess work, itis based on visible feelings, emotions, and actions. With this in m ind, one isforced to recognize what Hedda truly represents: the cold, emotionless productof a disapproving and domineering society and father. .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c , .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .postImageUrl , .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c , .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c:hover , .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c:visited , .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c:active { border:0!important; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c:active , .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5cc6198ec164acb9a5ed1d60b40b77c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Investing In Canada EssayBibliographyEllis-Fermor, Una. Introduction to Hedda Gabler and Other Plays. ModernCritical Views: Henrik Ibsen. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House,1999. 41. Ibsen, Henrik. Hedda Gabler. Ed. Stanley Applebaum. New York: Dover,1990. Linnea, Sharon. Barrons Book Notes: Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Hedda Gabler. New York: Barrons Educational Series, 1985.

Pros and Cons of Wind Power free essay sample

Muhammad Meteorology Lab Professor Edward Perantoni The Pros and Cons of Wind Power There is no perfect energy source. Each and every one has its own rewards and drawbacks. In this paper I will explore the advantages and disadvantages of wind power. Today the world needs to look at the different natural energy sources available to us. Global warming could be due to our energy craving lifestyle, while considering this possibility let’s take a look at some of the pros and cons of wind power. It’s been said that wind energy can be a viable solution to most of our home energy bill problems. In addition to aiding us in decreasing our expenses on home energy, it is also environmentally friendly. Unlike many energy sources that release chemical substances into the atmosphere, wind generators only use wind power. It has no other byproducts that can damage our atmosphere causing ozone thinning and many other related problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Wind Power or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The only thing that the wind generator will produce is the cheap energy that you can use to power the appliances in your house. A few of the major advantages of wind power are that it’s clean, renewable, and relatively cheap. In addition to being friendly to the surrounding environment, no fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity from wind energy. Wind turbines take up less space than the average power station. Windmills only have to occupy a few square meters for the base; this allows the land around the turbine to be used for many purposes, for example agriculture. Wind turbines can also come in a range of different sizes in order to support varying population levels. Newer technologies are making the extraction of wind energy much more efficient. The wind is free, and we are able to cash in on this free source of energy. While the advantages of wind energy tend to be global the disadvantages are more of a local nature. (1) The main disadvantage regarding wind power is down to the winds unreliability factor. In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support a wind farm. (2) Wind turbines generally produce less electricity than the average fossil fuelled power station, requiring multiple wind turbines to be built in order to make an impact. (3) The noise pollution from commercial wind turbines is sometimes similar to a small jet engine. This is fine if you live miles away, where you will hardly notice the noise, but if you live within a few hundred meters of a turbine this is can be a major disadvantage. I feel that there should be government involvement in the research and development of wind power projects. I believe that the government should aid in the development of new projects, construction planning, maybe provide some sort of certification of equipment, as well as providing loans and tax credits towards the building of wind power farms and turbines. A wind vane could be useful in helping to determine the direction of the wind in order to conserve energy.

Shore It Up

Shore It Up Shore It Up Shore It Up By Maeve Maddox Reading an advice article about the writing of historical fiction, I came across what I assume is an eggcorn for the idiom â€Å"to shore up.† eggcorn: the reshaping of a common word or expression in a way that makes sense to the speaker. The person writing the article drew an analogy between the construction of Machu Picchu and the research that underpins an effective historical novel: [The Incan builders] started at the base of the mountain, and built terraces all the way to the top to sure up the mountain. The writing instructor then compares this physical foundation work to the writing of a novel: Writing historical fiction is much like building Machu Picchu. You want your novel to stand the test of time and that means doing the historical research to â€Å"sure it up.†    Never until then had I come across the expression â€Å"to sure up† in the context of stabilizing, strengthening, or reinforcing something. The conventional idiom is â€Å"to shore up.† As a verb, to shore or to shore up means to prop something up. For example, one might shore up a sagging gate to keep it from scraping the ground. A tunnel might be shored with concrete. The verb shore derives from a noun that referred to a piece of timber or iron that was set against a building or a ship to prevent it from falling while it was being worked on. In modern usage, anything can be used to shore something up. One might shore up a wall by packing earth along the bottom. The verb is used literally in the context of building, reinforcing, or repairing structures: Anticipating a storm, the villagers shored up the sea-wall. The first step is to remove the boards and inspect the post. If its also soft and rot-infested, youll have to shore up the roof temporarily and install a new post thats treated to resist rot. A Web search reveals a quantity of examples of â€Å"sure up† in contexts that call for â€Å"shore up†: PANTHERS – Staying Hungry and Suring Up the Defense   The return of the big man  sures up  the middle of the offense. Prosecutors could use the videotaped interrogations to  sure up their argument  that a confession was genuine. One of the ways to  sure up  your home’s  foundation  is with Helical Piers installed. The use of â€Å"sure up† for â€Å"shore up† is still relatively rare. It flat-lines on the Ngram Viewer, and a Web search for the terms in quotation marks yields 4,670,000 results for â€Å"shore up† compared to 365,000 for â€Å"sure up.† Here are examples of the idiom â€Å"shore up† used correctly in a variety of contexts: How Bobby Wagner’s speed shored up the Seahawks’ defense Prosecutors had asked for the phone and bank records in a last ditch attempt to find evidence to shore up their case.   The bulk of the Snyder increase did not go directly to the schools; it went to shore up the underfunded teachers’ pension fund.   The Federal Reserve’s trillion-dollar effort to shore up the U.S. economy is likely to come to an end in October [2014]. Use your analytic skills to understand [your critic’s] position and to shore up your confidence in your own approach. At first, I thought that all the examples of â€Å"sure up† were incorrect versions of â€Å"shore up,† but I’ve decided that a few are being used with the meaning â€Å"to make sure.† Here is an instance of the latter: Coal supply chain partners in the Hunter Valley have struck a long-awaited agreement to sure up coal producing contracts. The headline above the sentence holds the clue that â€Å"shore up† is not intended: Historic agreement reached in long-running Hunter Valley coal chain dispute, providing certainty on contracts Bottom line: If what you mean is â€Å"to strengthen,† the idiom is â€Å"to shore up.† If what you mean is â€Å"make sure,† the idiom is â€Å"to make sure† or â€Å"to make certain.† Here are some other words that may be used to express the idea of â€Å"making sure† or â€Å"making certain† of something: check confirm ensure assure verify Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.Confused Words #3: Lose, Loose, LossDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Research study on treatment for acute otitis media Assignment

Research study on treatment for acute otitis media - Assignment Example The sampling approach may however suffer from threats of unrepresentative sample but the researchers addressed this reliability threat through application of a large sample space. Implementing a double blind approach to the study is another measure that the researchers undertook to address validity and reliability issues, core to which is prejudice into bias. Double blind scope however eliminates such a prejudice from research participants and the researcher. Another measure that the researchers implemented towards ensuring validity and reliability was using an experimental design in which the difference between the experimental group and the placebo group validates treatment effect. Lack of such an experimental set up induces uncertainty as to effects of independent variable. In addition to the double blind approach, the researchers ensured independence of the study from their influence by contracting an independent party to implement the study, and initiative that managed researche r bias at the data collection process towards validity. use of an experimental design, application of a double blind approach, randomization, and using an independent party to implement the study are therefore measures that the authors undertook to address validity and reliability issues (Tahtinen et al.,

The Socio-Economic Status of Cities in Michigan State Case Study

The Socio-Economic Status of Cities in Michigan State - Case Study Example Washtenaw County is one of the oldest counties in Michigan State having been initially founded in 1822 then later organized as a county in 1826. This county has an area of 1870 square kilometer. In this area, 1829 square kilometer island and 41 square kilometers is water. The population of Washtenaw County, according to the 2010 census done by the U.S Census Bureau is about 344791 people. As a county, Washtenaw comprises of places such as MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and Ann Arbor. There are different educational institutions in this county such as Eastern Michigan University, University of Michigan, Concordia University Ann Arbor, the Ann Arbor campus of Thomas M. Cooley Law School and Washtenaw Community College. This county is surrounded by other different counties, including Livingston County in the North, Wayne County on the East, Monroe County at the southeast, Jackson County at the West, Lenawee County in the Southwest and Ingham County at the Northwest(U.S. Department of Commerce, 35). Ann Arbor is a city found in Washtenaw County. It has a total area of 74.33 square Kilometers. In this, 72.08 square kilometers island while the remaining 2.25 square kilometers is water. The main water source in this city is Huron River. This city is a home to 113934 people going by the 2010 census. The city was founded in 1824 and its steady rise is attributed to the establishment of the University of Michigan in 1837. This university has shaped and is continuing to shape the economy of Ann Arbor by employing about thirty thousand workers, twelve thousand of them working at the medical center. The University of Michigan has also attracted a lot of researchers and companies to conduct their research here thus making it a center of technology.

Walgreens Company Analysis and Recommendations Assignment

Walgreens Company Analysis and Recommendations - Assignment Example The main focus of the retail giant drug chain store over the years has been expanding the retail footprint. Over the years they have concentrated more on opening stores than focusing on the needs of the customers as well as the employees. They have in the past used command and control approach in executing their business strategy. Therefore, they have set out clear roles and instructions for the employees which are closely monitored and evaluated. This needs to change as employees work better when they feel valued and that they can contribute to decision making. Leadership at Walgreens entails command from the top on duties and orders that should be followed by the employee. They are made to feel like cogs in a machine. This trend should change as employees should be made to engage more in decision making and giving suggestions. The top to down approach on leadership should be minimised. Better communication and relationship between the top management and entry level employees should be encouraged as team work will ultimately make for a happy work environment and therefore better service delivery. It is also important to keep training employees on better management and work ethic practices. It is of paramount importance to engage employees in better personnel management techniques rather than using the command approach (Kotler & Armstrong, 2014). Once the employees feel valued, they will be happy and satisfied with their work. This will eventually trickle down to becoming more productive at the work place, rather than feeling pressured to deliver all the time. Other than employees, customers’ needs should always be a priority. It is good for the business to connect with the customers on an emotional level (Shalowitz, Stevens & Kotler, 2013).Walgreens can differentiate itself from the competition by better service delivery. It is necessary to engage with the customers one a one on one level. As such, Walgreens

The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills

The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills The Development on Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) during childhood is important for the development of that child as well as them being successful in sport, so they can learn other life skills. (Okely Booth 2004) To understand when Children should start to learn FMS is to understand the long term development model (LTD), knowing this will help indentify when children need to learn which skill by which age. (Balyi, 2004). During the first stage of the LTD is the FUNdametal stage which focuses on children aged 6-9. During this stage the children starts to learn the basic Fundamental movement patterns. Learning these skills is important as they are the building blocks to sport specific, for example kicking is a base in a number of skills in football, If a Child learns these skills it will contribute significantly their future athletic achievements (Balyi, 2004). Once the Child reaches 9 and 11 it is the most important periods of skills development, during this period they are developed enough to learn and complete general overall sports skills (Balyi, 2004). It has been recommended that all Children should of mastered all the basic FMS by the age of 8 (Gallahue and Ozmun, 2006) Jess et al (2004) also reported the importance of FMS stating that they allow children to pass through a proficiency barrier to allow the development of skills in the future. Booth et al (2004) reported that in a random sample of Year 4, Year 6, Year 8 and Year 10 children that less than 40% had mastered all the skills using subjective measures, suggesting that when the children should be learning FMS skills they are not developing them in the correct way There have been a number of studies that have looked on how to measure FMS mastery. The 2 main methods reported are objective and subjective. Objective measures are the result of the skill, i.e. the time taken to run 10 meters or the number of catches. The advantage of using objective measures is it allows a high level inter and intra and Inter-rater reliability over attempts and measurers (Spray 1987). Another important is the tester does not need a high level of knowledge about the skill (Hands Larkin, 1998). The second way to measure FMS is using subjective measures. This is done by using a checklist for each FMS that identifies coaching points that the subject needs to do while completing the skill. Knudson and Morrison (1997) defined subjective measures or qualitative analysis as the systematic observation and introspective judgment of movement and skills for the purpose of improving that skill. The checklist which will be used in this study is The New South Wales Fundamental Movement Skills (NSWFMS) guidelines (2000), this is a resource for primary school children. The advantage of using subjective measures is that it can help identify one point in the skill that is weak. That information can then lead to trying to develop that weakness (Hands, 2000). However the criteria can be read and identified differently by different assessors. In terms of research in the area of what affects FMS movement skills there has been a lot reported in what factors affect FMS ability. It has been reported that Physical Activity level (Fisher et al 2004) has an effect on FMS ability with Children who take part in more physical activity have better FMS skills. There has also been mixed views on the effect of gender on FMS skills, Fisher et al (2004) reported no difference in fundamental scores between boys and girls, however. Okley and Booth (2004) reported that boys did better than girls in the sprinting and the object control skills, which in this study would be the throw and catch, the girls performed better in the rest of the locomoter skills which in this case is the balance. The reason for this difference could be done to what reported that FMS are affected more by the activities done by boys while girls are affected by psychosocial or environmental factors (Cliff 2009). There has been however a small majority of research looking at how age effects FMS. Okely Booth (2004) did one such study looking at using subjective measures and found for certain parts on FMS Skills, Year 3 Children had mastered the skill better than Year 1 Children. For Example only 1.5% of the year 1 boys and 0% of girls completed the hips then shoulders rotate forward coaching point for the throw compared to 13.5% of year 1 boys and 1.7% of year 3 girls. It is also important to note with regards to age that even Children in the same year can be further developed, meaning their body can do more and they may be able to process the FMS in formation easier. It is important to understand this when the analysing results as one Year 6 child could be biologically more developed than another and therefore be able to perform the skill better. (Gallahue and Ozmun 2006). This paper will therefore look at age and specifically the difference between year 1 and 6 children due the lack of research looking at Year 6 Children and the fact it has been reported that all Children should have mastered FMS by Year 8. The study will also use subjective and objective to get a better idea of which children have mastered the skills. The results can be used to see what areas of each skill children are failing to master and then interventions can be designed to improve them as it has been reported that a well-planned and implemented fundamental movement skill intervention in has an effect on childrens motor skills, physical activity levels and will keep the child interested in Physical Education. Section 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS Aim The Aim of the study is to assess Fundamental Movement Skill (FMS) mastery in primary school children, to examine if there is a relationship between subjective and objective for FMS and to compare mastery of these skills by children in Year 1 and Year 6. Objectives To measure Fundamental Movement Skills in Year 1 and Year 6 children To analysis the skills using the New South Wales Criteria To study the relationship between year groups and the subjective and objective measures Hypothesis The Year 6 children will have high objective and subjective measures for all the FMS than the Year 1 children. Section 3: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS The Children will be tested for 2 hours in a normal PE lesson for 2 separate weeks. Each Child will be asked to wear suitable kit and footwear. The school sports hall where normal PE lessons take place will be used as the testing site once a risk assessment form was completing and checking the sports hall is suitable to complete the testing. These checks will be done before each testing session. Also ethical approval will need to be given before any testing can take place. Also before testing each child will undertake a warm up overseen by a PE Specialist. Subject Population A sample of 30 Children aged 10-11 (year 6) and 30 children ages 5-6 years (year 1) will be recruited for this study from a local primary school in Coventry. Informed consent from the parents will be obtained as well as agreement from the Child as each participant is under the age of 18. Fundamental Movement Skill Measurements Both subjective and objective measures will be measured, with the subjective being taken while the child performs one of the skill trails. The subjective measures will be analysed using The New South Wales Fundamental Movement Skills (NSWFMS) guidelines (2000) (see appendix for criteria). Using Qunitic Software each video will be watched 5 times and notational analysis will be used to measure how many of the skill components have been achieved. This will give an overall percentage of how that Child has mastered the skill. That will compare to the actual result for that skill. The criteria will also be used during the demonstration to allow the children to know all the points that make up the skill, also no feedback will be given after each attempt. Fundamental Movement Skills Each Child will complete 5 fundamental movement skills, (Balance, Kicking, Catching, Throwing and sprinting). A description of what each test involves is shown below. FMS Test Method Balance Subjective Measures For the subjective measures the children will be asked to Stand on their dominant leg, children will be asked to stay as upright and still as possible keeping eyes forwards for 20 seconds, with their other leg bent. Objective Measures The objective measures will involve the children balancing for 20 seconds on a balance board device (Tunturi by MFT, Germany) connected to a laptop, The percentage of time spent on either side (left/right) will be used as the measurement. Each Child will have a practice before being called up/ inputted into the laptop system. Catch Subjective Measures The Children will move their body to become in line with the travelling path of a soft tennis sized ball, a thrown by the researcher and PE specialist in a measured square area of 1m by 1m. Objective Measures The number of successful catches the children make out of 3 will be recorded. Jump Subjective Measures The Children will be asked to start with knees bent and then using their arms for momentum, jump up as high as possible into the air. Objective Measures The Childrens jump height of the jump will measured using Quintic Biomechanics software (Quintic Biomechanics v17 software, Coventry, UK) and recorded in meters. Throw Subjective Measures The Children will throw a small soft ball over-arm, towards a target placed on the sports hall wall. Objective Measures Points will be awarded to determine the precision of the throw. There were three sections, each with different amounts to justify the accuracy of the throw. Sprint Subjective Measures Children will be asked to ran as fast as they could along the 10 m measured track and then joined the back of the queue. The time will be recorded as use as the measure. Objective Measures Children will be ask to sprint as fast as they could down a 10m track, split times will be recorded at 5m and 10m using the SMARTSPEED timing gate system (SMARTSPEED, UK). Any children will also be able to withdraw their assent and not take part even if their parents/guardian has given informed consent, at any time during the testing. Statistical analysis A combination of correlations and ANOVAs will be used to examine the relationship between the objective measures and the subjective measures but also each of the two year groups. Microsoft Excel will be used to produce the graphs and SPSS will be sued for the statistical analysis. Section 4: PROPOSED TIME PLAN Date Action to be completed before deadline 6th December 2010 Complete and hand in Project Proposal 10th 24th January 2011 Go to schools and collect data ready for analysis 27th January 4th February 2011 Complete data collection, produce table of results and complete graphs 4th- 8th February 2011 Complete data analysis 10th- 20th February 2011 Write discussion and put in info from proposal such as Introduction and Methods. 21st February 2011 Check final project with supervisor and compile lab file 23rd- 1st March 2011 Check for any errors in project and print out 2 copies ready for binding 11th March 2011 Hand in 2 copies of the thesis and lab file. 12th March 2011 5th April Revise for Viva Seminar Section Five: REFERANCES Balyi I., Hamilton A. (2004) Long-Term Athlete Development: Trainability in Childhood and Adolescence. Windows of Opportunity. Optimal Trainability.Victoria: National Coaching Institute British Columbia Advanced Training and Performance Ltd. Booth M, Macaskill, P, McLellan L. (1997) NSW Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey. Sydney. NSW Department of School Education. Cliff, D, P., Okely, A.D,. Smith, L.M and McKeen, K. Relationships Between Fundamental Movement Skills and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Preschool Children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2009, 21, 436-449 Fisher, A., Reilly J.J., Kelly, L.A., Montgomery, C., Williamson, A., Payton, J.Y., Grant, S., (2004) Fundamental Movement Skills and Habitual Physical Activity in Young Children Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 684-688. Gallahue, D, L and Ozmun, J,C. (2006) 6th edn. Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults, USA: McGraw Hill Hands, B. (2000) How can we best measure fundamental movement skills? Health Sciences Conference Papers. Paper 5. Hands, B., Larkin, D. (1998). Australian tests of motor proficiency: What do we have and what do we need? The ACHPER Healthy Lifestyles Journal, 45(4),10-16. Hands, B. Martin, M (2003) Implementing a Fundamental Movement Skill program in an early childhood setting: The childrens perspectives Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles Jess, M., Dewar, K. and Fraser, G. (2004) Basic moves: developing a foundation for lifelong physical activity, British Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 35 (2): 23-7. New South Wales (2000) Move It, Groove It Physical Activity in Primary Schools Summary Report. A NSW Health Physical Activity Demonstration Project (DP 98/1) Okely, A.D Booth, M,L. (2004) Mastery of fundamental movement skills among children in New South Wales: prevalence and sociodemographic distribution Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 7 (3) 358-372. Spray, J. A. (1987). Recent developments in measurement and possible applications to the measurement of psychomotor behavior. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 58, 203-209. Section 6: APPENDIX

The Preservation of Laguna San Ignacio :: Pacific Gray Whale Conservation Essays

The Preservation of Laguna San Ignacio In the 19th century the Pacific Gray Whale was nearly hunted to extinction when their products were in high demand. At the turn of the century, there existed only a few thousand of these precious whales. Soon after, the whales were placed onto the endangered species list where they were under the heavy protection of numerous national laws and international treaties. In 1993 the number of Gray Whales climbed to a miraculous 21,000 and by the end of 1994 the Pacific Gray Whale became the first mammal to be removed from the endangered species list. A few months after its removal from the endangered species list, the primary breeding and calving grounds of the Gray Whale, located in Baja California, was chosen by the Mitsubishi Corporation to become the worlds largest salt harvesting center. The gray whale is a migratory species that spends the majority of its summers feeding in the Arctic Ocean near Alaska. Every winter thousands of gray whales, many of them pregnant, leave the hostile waters of Alaska and travel 4000 miles to the warm and salty lagoons of Mexico’s Baja California Coast. They cluster around 3 primary lagoons in which they stay until late April, however only one of them remains unmarred by human activity. This last remaining refuge, Laguna San Ignacio, is now in great danger of becoming invaded by the corporate world. The high salinity of the waters provide many benefits for the whales. Because of this high salt content, the whales become much more buoyant and expend much less energy remaining afloat. This proves to be very beneficial for the newborn calves that are just learning to swim and nurse. Another benefit the lagoons of Baja California possess is the warm water temperature in comparison to the chilly waters of the Arctic. This warmth prov ides heat to the newborns and prevents excessive losses of body temperature, thereby conserving energy that would otherwise be required to maintain a constant body temperature. Also, the seclusion of the lagoons from the dangers of the open seas, such as high waves created by storms, makes it a safer place for the newborn calves, as mother and child are less likely to become separated. These benefits substantially increase the survival rates of newborns as well as provide a more comfortable nursing environment. However the country of Mexico as well as the Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan project to make millions by the development and expansion of the salt factory, Exportadora de Sal.

London Analysis by William Blake

London by William Blake A poem which makes a social or political statement is London by William Blake. Blake’s poem is about the social problems, inequalities and Injustice that arose due to the industrial revolution. In London, William Blake brings to light a city that was overrun by poverty and hardship. Blake discards the glorifying view of London. He believes that London is nothing more than a city suffocated by a harsh economy, where Royalty and the church have allowed morality and goodness to deteriorate so that suffering and poverty are all that exist.Blake wrote the poem in 1792 and it was published in 1794 as part of ‘Songs of Experience’. The collection of poems were written to illustrate the negative effects of life on people and nature. The poems highlighted the dangerous industrial conditions, child labour, prostitution, capitalism and mass poverty which were rife during the industrial revolution. The experience poems were written in contrast to †˜The songs of innocence’ poems which Blake wrote with a more positive tone to convey the goodness of humanity, innocence of childhood, love and nature.Blake lived and worked in the capital, so he was arguably well placed to write accurately about the conditions people who lived there faced. . It wasn’t until after his death in 1827 that his work was given recognition, so his life was blighted by poverty. He felt an affiliation with the proletariat and loathed inequality. Throughout this poem Blake uses a range of different poetic techniques to convey the inequalities and unjust treatment of the poorer classes. This gives the reader a stronger understanding overall.The poem is written in the first person. The structure is broken down into four stanzas and is written in mostly iambic tertrameter (It’s so called tetrameter as each stanza has four feet or lines). The third and fourth stanzas use both iambic and trochaic meter. In the first two line of the first sta nza Blake uses repetition â€Å"I wandered thro’ each charter’d street, Near where the charter’d Thames does flow† This scansion serves to reinforce the theme of the whole poem.The word chartered is used ironically to imply ownership, early capitalism and control of trade. The wealth it’s creating in the upper classes and therefore the class divide and poverty that’s been caused as a by-product. Blake writes of the river being charter’d, thus saying even a river that’s meant to be natural and free flowing is controlled. To compare Blake’s use of the word Chartered. His friend Thomas Paine had stated in his book Rights of Man the year before, â€Å"It is a perversion of terms to say, that a charter gives rights.It operates by a contrary effect that of taking rights away†. Blake goes onto say â€Å"And mark in every face I meet, marks of weakness, marks of woe† The repetition of â€Å"marks† emphasizes the visible signs of sickness, misery and suffering experienced by most. Everyone was on the same boat. The literary conventions in the first stanza set the tone for the political and social oppression and strengthens ones understanding. In the second stanza Blake tells the reader what he can hear on the oppressed streets of London. in every cry of every Man, In every infants cry of fear, In every voice: in every ban, The mind- forg’d manacles I hear† Again the repetition and rhythm of ‘every’ reinforces the anger and oppression, everybody’s affected. Even the infant, born into a life of poverty and oppression feels the suffering. In line three ban could refer to every area or it could be used to describe prohibition. In 1789 shortly before the poem was written the French Revolted and used violence and murder to overthrow the aristocracy and those in power.As a throwback Britain’s government grew nervous and restricted freedom of speech. They were worried the British would revolt due to the social and political inequalities felt by most at the time. The mind-for’d manacles is a metaphor for how impoverished people were and how they had no future to look forward to, no escape. People’s thoughts were shackled, perhaps due to the restriction on freedom of speech. The reader understands through the word ‘I’ in line four of the second stanza that Blake was not a distant observer but he was suffering himself.This further enhances ones understanding. In the third stanza. Blake uses an acrostic anagram on the first letter of every line to spell out the word hear. This is to echo the importance and signiificance of what he heard on the streets in the second stanza. He talks of the chimney sweepers cry, in those days children were used to do this job as their tiny frames were able to fit up the chimneys. It was a dangerous job and often resulted in serious death or injury. â€Å"Every black’ning Church appals, and the hopeless Soldiers sigh, Runs in blood down palace walls†.Blackening was used as a metaphor for the smoke coming from the industrialised chimneys staining the church’s walls or metaphorically tarnishing the church’s reputation. Blake is literally wondering what the church is doing to help the impoverished. He believes the church should be using its force for good however he is disillusioned and sees it as a negative power that’s capitalising on child labour and the means of production. The monarchy is controlling all the wealth and cushioning itself with luxuries. All the while men and families are dying with hunger and through industrialised disease.The monarchy like the church are doing nothing to help mankind so the blood of the oppressed is on their hands and metaphorically running down the palace walls. This particular stanza is prominent as it alerts the reader to the oppressive institutions that stand to perpetuate the injusti ce. In the fourth and final stanza. Blake tells the reader that there’s worse to come by using the word ‘But’ as the first word on the first line. â€Å"But most thro’ midnight streets I hear How the youthful Harlot’s curse Blasts the new- born infants tear And blights with plague the marriage hearse†.This is a metaphor which is used to describe how prostitution and venereal disease were prevalent at this time. The harlot is a young victim. She has been robbed of the chance to love her baby, because the baby is the result of means and capitalism through the prostitute’s trade. The prostitutes curse or venereal disease has infected the aristocratic men she copulates with, thus infecting their wives and ripping marriage apart through death and infection. The metaphor and oxymoron â€Å"marriage hearse† is so haunting.With the word marriage the reader imagines a blossoming union between two lovers but hearse lambasts that notion co mpletely with the reader imagining death and suffering. By attacking the institution of marriage and family. One believes that nobody was immune to this downtrodden capitalist society; even the bourgeoisie! It’s a devastating portrait of a society in which all souls and bodies were trapped, exploited and infected. Throughout this poem Blake has successfully conveyed his anger at the institutions he believed should have been in place to help.He has hammered home the notions of inequality and unjust suffering due to the control and ownership of the means of production by the ruling classes. Through the different poetic techniques and structure of the poem one has an enriched understanding and can truly imagine how hard life was during these times. Reference Paine Thomas, The Rights of Man 1791, published by Dover thrift edition, Feb 2000 Various, The Nation’s favourite Poets, BBC worldwide Limited 1996 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/London_(poem) http://anglisztika. ektf . hu/new/content/tudomany/ejes/ejesdokumentumok/2007/Racz_2007. pdf

Animal Cruelty Essay

Animal cruelty is the crime of inflicting physical pain, suffering or death on an animal. Society has become a dreadful place for animals where humans can no longer be trusted because of their incongruous behaviour. The animals of the world exist for their own reasons; they were not made for humans to abuse and experiment, however, society has become decayed and inhumane. In the poem ‘Foxes among the lamb’ Ernest G. Moll demonstrates how the farmer poisons the foxes and leaves them to suffer and eventually die. When individuals glance at an animal they judge them as aggressive creatures. The visual poster portrays how animals are innocent and vulnerable creatures to society. ‘The Panther’ by Rainer Maria Rilke displays how animals should not be locked up in cages. Animal cruelty, the abominable way humans treat animals, reflects our decaying society, one that seems to be losing its humanity due to the sadistic nature of humans who lack empathy for others. The poem ‘Foxes Among the lamb’ portrays how foxes eat the lamb and how the farmer acts in an inappropriate abhorrent way. This behaviour is illustrated through the metaphor ‘gift’ which demonstrates the poison that the farmer gives to the foxes to die in a beastly bloodcurdling death. Furthermore the personification ‘Half-frightened eagerness of hate’ presents how the farmer is anxious and determined to kill the foxes and how eager the farmer is to manipulate the foxes. The composer’s use of alliteration â€Å"this time then†¦ † this proves how the farmer had to pause and pay attention to make sure that the fox had died. Therefore, humans can no longer be trustworthy among animals because of their antagonistic behaviour which imitates our society. Recognising animal rights will result in an individual having deep respect for animals. The visual poster indicates the innocence of animal and why humans should look after them as well as treat them in a respectful way. The background of the poster represents the manifestation of the dog delighted to be free and not stuck in a cage. It also reveals the dog in a park where he could run around and not locked up. The first thing an observer sees on the poster is the salience of the dog that looks harmless, healthy and blithe. When the audience beholds this, their first impression would be to save these helpless animals. The only thing that animals have done to humans is becoming man’s best friend. Finally, close up shot of the dog has been used to show the guiltlessness and exploitation of animals. This effect makes the audience focus their attention on the animal’s expression, to show the significance of animals and the way society has become an appalling place for them. Hence, humans have to earn the respect and treat animal just like the way they would like to be treated because animals too have a soul and emotions. Animal cruelty is locking animals in cages and keeping them as captives to satisfy and amaze people that are sadistic. The poem ‘The Panther’ conveys how a panther is locked up in a cage in the zoo to astonish people and how the panther feels about having no freedom. The use of imagery in the first stanza â€Å"his weary glance from passing by the bars,† portrays how the panther is tired of looking outside and exhausted of waiting for his liberty. Moreover, hyperbole is revealed in â€Å"only to sink and die within his heart. † This emphasis the sadness and reaction of the panther’s being lonely. In stanza two the simile â€Å"The iron bands is like a dance,† this emphasis how the panther is aware of everything around him but he just really wants to get out of the cage and be free. Thus, humans should not steal the freedom of animals because they too have the right to live their own life. In conclusion, humans have become violently atrocious and antipathetic that they no longer can be reliable in the animal world. This is evident in the text ‘Foxes among the Lamb,’ ‘The panther’ and the visual poster. Continuing to abuse animals and trying to manipulate them will only lead to a decayed society because of our irresponsible actions.

US Supreme Court Procedures and Decisions

US Supreme Court Procedures and Decisions From the day the U.S. Supreme Court votes to hear a case to the day some nine months when we learn its decision, lots of high-level law happens. What are the daily procedures of the Supreme Court? While the U.S. has a classic dual court system, the Supreme Court stands as the highest and only federal court created by the Constitution. All of the lower federal courts have been created over the years in one of the five â€Å"other† methods of changing the Constitution. Without vacancies, the Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, all appointed by the President of the United States with the approval of the Senate. The Supreme Courts Term or Calendar The annual term of the Supreme Court runs begins on the first Monday in October and continues until late June or early July. During the term, the Court’s calendar is divided between â€Å"sittings,† during which the Justices hear oral arguments on cases and release decisions and â€Å"recesses,† when the Justices deal with other business before the Court and write their opinions to be attached to the Court’s decisions. The Court typically alternates between sittings and recesses about every two weeks throughout the term. During the brief recess periods, the Justices review the arguments, consider upcoming cases, and work on their opinions. During every week of the term, the Justices also review more than 130 petitions asking the Court to review recent decisions of the state and lower federal courts to determine which, if any, should be granted full Supreme Court review with oral arguments by lawyers. During sittings, public sessions start at 10 a.m. sharp and end at 3 p.m., with a one-hour recess for lunch starting at noon. Public sessions are held on Monday through Wednesday only. On Fridays of weeks during which oral arguments were heard, the Justices discuss the cases and vote on requests or â€Å"petitions for writ of certiorari† to hear new cases. Before hearing oral arguments are made, the Court takes care of some procedural business. On Monday mornings, for example, the Court releases its Order List, a public report of all actions taken by the Court including a list of cases accepted and rejected for future consideration, and a list of lawyers newly approved to argue cases before the Court or â€Å"admitted to the Court Bar.† The much-anticipated decisions and opinions of the Court are announced in public sessions held on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings and on third Mondays during May and June. No arguments are heard when the Court sits to announced decisions. While the Court begins its three-month recess in late June, the work of justice continues. During the summer recess, the Justices consider new petitions for Court review, consider and rule on hundreds of motions submitted by lawyers, and prepare for oral arguments scheduled for October. Oral Arguments Before the Supreme Court At precisely 10 a.m. on days the Supreme Court is in session, all present stand as the Marshal of the Court announces the entrance of the justices into the courtroom with the traditional chant: â€Å"The Honorable, the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Oyez! Oyez! Oyez! All persons having business before the Honorable, the Supreme Court of the United States, are admonished to draw near and give their attention, for the Court is now sitting. God save the United States and this Honorable Court.† â€Å"Oyez† is a Middle English word meaning â€Å"hear ye.† After having submitted countless legal briefs, oral arguments give lawyers representing clients in cases before the Supreme Court a chance to present their cases directly to the justices. While many lawyers dream of arguing a case before the Supreme Court and wait years for a chance to do so, when the time finally comes, they are allowed only 30 minutes to present their case. The half-hour time limit is strictly enforced and answering questions asked by the justices does not extend the time limit. As a result, the lawyers, for whom brevity does not come naturally, work for months to hone their presentations to be concise and to anticipate questions. While oral arguments are open to the public and the press, they are not televised. The Supreme Court has never allowed TV cameras in the courtroom during sessions. However, the Court does make audiotapes of oral arguments and opinions available to the public. Prior to oral arguments, parties interested in, but not directly involved in the case will have submitted â€Å"amicus curiae† or friend-of-the-court briefs supporting their views. Supreme Court Opinions and Decisions Once oral arguments to a case have been completed, the justices retire to closed session to formulate their individual opinions to be attached to the Court’s final decision. These discussions are closed to the public and press and are never recorded. Since the opinions are typically lengthy, heavily footnoted, and require extensive legal research, the justices are assisted in writing them by highly-qualified Supreme Court law clerks. The Types of Supreme Court Opinions There are four main types of Supreme Court opinions: Majority Opinions: Forming the Court’s final decision, the majority opinion represents the opinions of the majority of the justices who heard the case. The majority opinion requires at least five justices unless one or more justices have chosen to recuse themselves (not take part) in the decision. The majority opinion is vital as it sets a legal precedent which must be followed by all future courts hearing similar cases.Concurring Opinions:   Justices may also attach concurring opinions to the Court’s majority opinion. As the name implies, concurring opinions agree with the majority opinion. However, concurring opinions may focus on different points of law or agree with the majority for a totally different reason.Dissenting Opinions: Justices who disagree with the majority typically write dissenting opinions explaining the basis for their vote. Not only do dissenting opinions help to explain the Court’s reasoning in its decision, they are often used in majority opinions in similar future cases. Confusingly, justices will write mixed opinions that agree with parts of the majority opinion but disagree with others. Per Curiam Decisions: In rare cases, the Court will issue a â€Å"per curium† opinion. â€Å"Per Curiam  is a Latin phrase meaning â€Å"by the court.† Per curiam opinions are majority opinions are delivered by the Court as a whole, rather than authored by an individual justice. Should the Supreme Court fail to reach a majority opinion arrive at a tie vote the decisions reached by the lower federal courts or state supreme courts are allowed to remain in effect as if the Supreme Court had never even considered the case. However, the rulings of the lower courts will have no precedent setting value, meaning they will not apply in other states as with majority Supreme Court decisions.

Open Source Alternatives for Small Business Research Paper

Open Source Alternatives for Small Business - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that in the past few years, open source technology has emerged as a very attractive trend which has caught the attention of a large number of software developers and organizations. Basically, open source software applications allow people to access the code of applications openly. In fact, they can make changes and update the software product. The standard invented in the application development industry in the late 90s, with a number of releases of open source products and operating systems, and it has while subtle into other societies also. Additionally, there are a number of powerful arguments intended for releasing anything in an open source format, whether it is a digital recording, a complete operating system (OS) or a software tool. One of the basic reasons behind the adoption of this trend is that this mode of software development and products allows end users to openly get an overview of the source code. So that they could make cha nges to it in order to match it with their requirements. In this scenario, it gives confidence for the sake of steady growth and modernism, as moreover building a community of shared data and information. In addition, a number of businesses those generate open source systems depend on modernisms of clients to increase characteristics as well as to recognize and fix possible feeble points, and these businesses enthusiastically give confidence for changing their technology-based products. based products (Smith, 2013; Wu, Gerlach, & Young, 2011; Gurbani, Garvert, & Herbsleb, 2005). In addition, the majority of people consider that all types of open source software applications and programs are free of charge. This is not, actually, the situation. A number of businesses manufacture open application that necessitates people to disburse for them, with the charges supporting development of innovative products and extra characteristics. It is as well general to observe shared source licenses on products, people pay for. For example, Apple Computer, releases a number of its technology through support of open licenses (Smith, 2013; Wu, Gerlach, & Young, 2011; Gurbani, Garvert, & Herbsleb, 2005). This paper presents a detailed analysis of an open source operating system ‘Ubuntu’. In this scenario, this research covers a number of aspects associated with this operating system. 2. Ubuntu The Ubuntu is an Operating system that works on the Linux platform which is rapidly gaining popularity and is the choice of many, who want a substitute for Windows. The majority of people want efficient and economical ways to interact digitally through the array of contemporary applications

Critically discuss the principal changes to the composition and powers Essay

Critically discuss the principal changes to the composition and powers of the House of Lords brought about by legislation bet - Essay Example By the 13th century, composition of the King’s council was expanded to include representatives from the different counties, cities and boroughs of the Kingdom.12 In 1295, Edward I established the first formal parliament.3 In the 14th century, the parliament was divided into two distinct houses. The representatives of shires and boroughs made up the House of Commons while the religious leaders, magnates and feudal landowners made up the House of Lords.4 The membership of the House of Lords is further divided into the Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal. The former is composed of Bishops and ranking churchmen while the latter is composed of Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts and Barons whose seats in the upper house are hereditary. 5 From the time the House of Lords was organized, it had been subjected to constant calls for reforms. Its composition and powers have changed overtime; it even survived abolition and managed to resurrect itself into the realm of the British governmen tal structure. By the end of the 19th century, the Lords had equal powers to the House of Commons with regard to the passage of public and private legislations. The only exception is the â€Å"Commons financial privilege† which gives the lower house total control with regard to initiating bills that grant aids to impose charges on the citizens.6 However, it was in the 20th century when the Upper House saw a great number of moves to institutionalize reforms, most of which were initiated from the House of Commons. Legislations were introduced to reform the composition of the Lords especially on the matter of hereditary peers. Reforms on the Lords’ powers are also constantly proposed especially on the abolition of its powers to delay legislations introduced by the House of Commons. Within the span of 88 years, there were five legislations that made significant changes in the composition and powers of the House of Lords, namely, the Parliament Act of 1911, The Parliament A ct of 1949, the Life Peerages Act of 1958, the Peerage Act of 1963 and the House of Lords Act of 1999. The Parliament Act of 1911   Prompted by the Lords’ enormous powers when the Upper House rejected the Lloyd George’s budget by a landslide vote in 1909, the House of Commons sprang into action and introduced bills and resolutions that aim to limit the powers of the Lords. After much debate in both chambers, the Parliament Act was finally enacted into law in August 1911.7 The Parliament Act of 1911 instituted limitations on the powers of the Lords, especially its power to delay or reject bills it does not like. Firstly, Money Bills which have been certified by the Speaker as such shall receive Royal Assent even without the consent of the Second Chamber.8 Money bills are legislations on taxation and government spending where the Lords do not have any veto power.9 When the Commons transmit to the House of Lords a money bill, it shall receive Royal Assent if a month had passed and the Lords had not acted on it. Secondly, Parliamentary Act of 1911 virtually eliminated the Lord’s power to perpetually delay and archive legislations passed by the House of Commons. One of its salient features is the provision which makes public bills into an Act of Parliament, with or without the consent of the House of Lords. When a bill is passed by the lower house in three consecutive sessions and with an interval

Societal Views On The Role Of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Societal Views On The Role Of Women - Essay Example One would suggest that the actions of these women throughout the two works might have come to hurt their societies because had all the women in these societies acted as they did, then it is likely that the entire social order might have collapsed. Nevertheless, this did not happen and in the case of Sula, she was looked upon as a reference by other members of the society and her example ensured that all the people live moral lives so that they could not end up like her. Despite this, after her death, it is noted that the society of The Bottom quickly disintegrated into one of chaos. Hedda is a woman who believes in the beauty and freedom and does not believe in abiding by the constraints placed on individuals by their societies. It is for this reason that she chooses to convince Lovborg to commit suicide as a means of ensuring that he does not remain a rival to her husband. However, after Lovborg does indeed commit suicide, and her actions are discovered by Judge Brack, she confesses her view of life and her weaknesses to him. However, knowing that Brack might potentially be capable of blackmailing her as long as she is alive, she chooses to commit suicide. She shows her strictly independent spirit and her need to ensure that she retains her freedom no matter the cost. Therefore, both Hedda and Sula are extremely strong and independent women who do not bow to societal conventions and instead live their lives as they want. Their actions are those of women who yearn for the freedoms that the men in their societies enjoy.

The death of the prophet Muhammad Essay Example for Free

The death of the prophet Muhammad Essay Following the death of the prophet Muhammad, Islam rose to superiority in the first part of the 7th century as they expand throughout the lands. This introduced another great religion to the world; a religion that would later shape the history of man. This is a very important part in the history of the world, since this contributed a religion apart from the growing Christianity at that time. The rise and development of Islam made way to the formation of another way of life for the people, which until now is still in existence. However, the 7th century expansion for Islam has led to some events which negatively affected Islamic development at that time. These are internal disputes which lead to civil wars and other internal issues. These things occurred right after Muhammad’s death, where their main point of dispute was about the rightful leader that would be Muhammad’s successor. They are disputing about who will be the rightful Caliph, or the leader of the global Muslim community. These disputes between local Muslim heads became wars between clans and eventually getting blown into bigger proportions, leading to first Islamic civil war. The first four caliphs that emerged right after the death of Muhammad were considered to be the â€Å"rightly guided† successors, since they attained their position through nominations and acknowledgement of the local heads of the Muslim community. In their rule, they were able to expand Muslim territory into vast proportions. These leaders were able to conquer neighboring lands including the Persian and the Byzantine Empires. Some Roman established empires were also crushed by this new Muslim power, gaining more and more lands as they continued with their conquest for expansion. Even though the Muslims were successful in their military conquests, tensions flared between the leaders and those who think they are better than their leaders. Following the assassination of the second of the four â€Å"rightly guided† caliphs, choosing the successor became very controversial and has met much opposition. Even though the successor was competent enough and was able to continue the expansion, he was still assassinated. The last of the four took the position; the first civil war broke out. The opposing side was composed of the relatives of the third caliph, Uthman. They are all fighting to avenge the death of the previous caliph, wherein they blame the fourth, Ali, of plotting the assassination. Even though the fourth caliph was able to pacify the uprising, the events that followed favored the opposition. He was eventually fatally stabbed, where afterwards, Muawiyah, an opposition was ordained as the new caliph. This opens a new chapter in the Muslim history, which is the hereditary Umayyad Caliphate. The Umayyad caliphate can be considered as the first ever dynasty established in the history of Muslim Caliphates, all thanks to Muawiyah I, the first Umayyad caliph. The name Umayyad came from Muawiyah I’s great grandfather, Umayya ibn Abd Shams. It was a traditional belief saying that the Prophet Muhammad and the Umayyad family are related. It is because they both came from the same ancestor which is Abd Munaf. The Umayyads came from a son of Abd Munaf, which are Abd-Shams. Muhammad descended from another son, which is Hashim. These two branches formed different clans which eventually turned into great rivalries. However, when Muhammad established Islam, the other tribe succumbed to the new religion and was focused on becoming its leaders. This goal was attained by none other than Muawiyah I. He rose to power and started the great Umayyad dynasty. Muawiyah I excised his power by creating his personal dynasty, which is the Sufyanids, which has ruled from 661 to 684. During this time, Muawiyah’s reign was prosperous, being able to keep internal peace and security, as well as managing to expand its rule over other lands. Muawiyah was also able to establish a peaceful relation with its Christian neighbors in Syria, wherein they were peacefully coexisting despite the difference in religion. Muawiyah concentrated his wars on the Byzantine Empire. They are able to overwhelm and conquer Rhodes and Crete, as well as launched attacks on the newly established Constantinople. He also had his share on efforts to expand further to North Africa and towards Central Asia. When Muawiyah finally died, Yazid I succeeded his position. Yazid was Muawiyah’s son, and this hereditary passing of power was greatly contradicted by other well known Muslim personalities that time. This includes Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr, son of one of the close people to the Prophet Muhammad, and Husayn ibn Ali, Muhammad’s grandson. Conflict again rose in the Muslim community, which eventually led to the coming of the Second Civil War. Several war encounters followed, and the caliph Yazid was killed. His son Muawiyah II became caliph but he was not recognized by most of the Muslim community. Anothr Umayya descendent came into the scene. He is Marwan, related to Umayya through Wail ibn Umayyah. Marwan became caliph by winning important battles at that time. However, Marwan’s reign was short lived, when he died just after nine months of becoming the caliph. He was then succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik. Abd al-Malik’s sons then became the next line of caliphs, wherein the prosperity was kept at bay. The position of caliph has been passed from brother to brother, until it was passed to Hisham, the final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph. Hisham reign for a very long time, however, there was no significant gain from his efforts of military expansion. He has suffered major defeats from attacks to conquer other lands. One of his main problems has been the difficulty of converting non-Muslims to Islam. The Arab army lost some of its most important battles, signaling the end of its western expansion. Further losses were experienced when non-Arab Muslims added problems regarding their rights. The one who succeeded the position of Hisham was Al-Wahid II, which is Yazid II’s son. However, the problem with the heir was that he was more focused on earthly pleasures than the expansion of their religion. This raised a lot of oppositions which was translated to another set of civil disputes. This led to successive changes in caliphs which has induced more was and the further destruction of the system of government of the Umayyad caliphate. The Umayyad caliphate was then overthrown by the Hashimiyya movement, which was spearheaded by that of the Abbasid family. The Umayyad caliphate is such an interesting aspect of Muslim history, since it is characterized by a lot of changes in its rulers, as well as disputes by relatives and clan rivals. Despite all the negative points it drew, it still marks the great expansion if has given the Muslim world. Despite its administrative and cultural problems, it was able to show the world that Muslims can stand up to its rivals and opponents, in terms of military capabilities and its rulers abilities. The Umayyads contributed so much to the early Islamic formation, and has literally introduced it to the world. The caliphate was not only for the aspect of religion, but it can also be a means of governance. Dynasties like the Umayyad caliphate are some of its manifestations.

Darcy Estate Management

Darcy Estate Management Darcy Estate Management Space Management and Legislation: When researching the techniques and roles adopted by the facilities managers one key criteria involved in the Darcy building relocation focused on space management. This broadened my understanding of the benefits that effective space management can bring such as economic, environmental and social when effective space management techniques are used. Before examining the approach that effective space management requires, it is important to define the term ‘space management’ and how this relates to the Darcy estate relocation and also the Oxford Brookes estate management strategy and all legislation encountered in the relocation. Space management has been defined as the ‘coordination of property space and economic optimisation of its use’ (Dussmann Service, 2013). On account of this, the overall importance Darcy Estate migration, highlights the need for a powerful space management strategy that will create a more effective and flexible way of working. In addition of foremost significance that the execution of space management is in alignment with the Oxford Brookes University (OBU) estate and business strategy. Fig.1 demonstrates the key fragments concerned with the OBU estate strategy and highlights the significance of keeping inside these guidelines to ensure the execution of any space management techniques adhere to these policies. The OBU strategy expresses that by 2020 Oxford Brookes will be the University that others campuses aspire to. Further emphasising the importance of effective space management. ‘Without a firm grip on your space management, organizations can’t align their workplace initiatives to their business goals’ (IWMS, 2010) In connection to space management, the FM is in charge of various roles inside the building, for example, the creation of a space management systems or approaches, the effects of resources and assets on space, general building layout and internal proximity, and adherence to building legislation to name but a few roles. Therefore the needs for regular internal assessments are vital to understand and mitigate against any potential issues that may emerge. We can see listed below are just some of the areas that Facilities Managers are accustomed to: Forecast future space requirements Identify ownership Identify under-utilised spaces Churn rate. Costs associated with occupation Space administration also needs to address the needs of all partners involved within such as the Brookes staff and the end users affected by the relocation. By engaging with and following up on criticism from all parties involved, it is simpler to pick up what is regarded as essential to ensure success throughout the relocation and also during occupancy. With space management the process essentially consists of internal strategic rotational moves within an organisational department to ensure maximum productivity and minimal wastage of space within the organisation, it is of major significance that the FM sees the amount of space which is required and for what reason, whilst also complying with the current estate guidelines and strategies. The OBU Space Strategy lists a number of goals that these moves need to achieve, some of which are listed: Demonstrate a sector-leading space management approach by 2015. Use the HEFCE Space Assessment Model to define space required for academic and support activities. Plan for provision of 2m2 of space per student in teaching activities by 2015. The development of technology related to FM tasks has made it easier to keep track of organisation’s assets and model changes. Computer aided facilities management (CAFM) or computer integrated facilities management (CIFM) are examples of similar such technologies. The extent of assistance these management systems can achieve is vast, some of which are listed: Move Management / Churn Control Real estate portfolio and Lease Administration Facilities Maintenance Strategic Planning For the Brookes FM team to effectively manage a facility that will align the requirements proposed within the Oxford Brookes Estate Strategy there are following strategies that can be utilised to ensure all requirements are met and the space management is at the highest possible efficiency. Audits – Analysing current working capacities can enable a more flexible working environment for ad-hoc work sessions. Hot-desking – Pooled computer rooms and working facilities, on average almost 35% of space portfolio are vacant at any point in time. This implicates that your organization pays a vast amount for NOT occupying space Fewer Meeting Rooms – Meeting space generally oversized and underused At the point of executing a space management strategy, it is critical to consider the legislation and regulatory consequences that also fall under the role of the FM team. The project relocation will have to adhere to all University requirements, combined with formalized legislation that will also have to be considered. Inability to do so can bring about internal postponement and potentially have adverse effect on the majority of the stakeholders within the Oxford Brookes domain that will require access to the Darcy Building. The most significant regulations and laws that will be included in the Darcy relocation will revolve around HS legislation. The Facilities Managers knowledge is not limited to HS legislation, the importance of considering supplementary regulations and laws such as planning and sustainability combined with contract law are all essential in the FM role. The regulations listed below are typical areas of responsibility covered by the Facilities Manager. Workplace Regulations 1992 CDM Regulations 2015 Approved Codes of Practice Building Regulations 2002. Occupiers Liability Acts 1957. Control of Asbestos Regulations 1987 The BIFM definition of FM â€Å"Facilities management is the integration of processes within an organisation to maintain and develop the agreed services which support and improve the effectiveness of its primary activities†. When drafting the relocation strategy of the Darcy building and understanding the different roles and strategies were essential, it is now clear that the FM position assumes a critical part from inception to completion on any in-house project. The Darcy Building Relocation has helped develop a holistic overview of the FM role and more specifically understand: OBU Business Estate Strategy Customer communications Legislation relating to FM role Scheduling Activities Space Management Techniques With these forming the basis of what the FM has an active role in; a deeper understanding of each was gained and proved essential in carrying out a detailed presentation of the Darcy building relocation. In essence, the FM is crucial in delivering a project with minimal disruption, a high degree of stakeholder satisfaction and a flexible, functional and efficient use of space. These are the fundamentals of what results in a successful project. Word Count – 1,181 References Dussmann Service. (2013). http://www.facility-management-glossary.com/ IWMSNews.com, (2010). 9 Benefits of Space Management That Will Impact Your Bottom Line Big Time. Oxford Brookes University. (2011-2015). Towards a University Estate Strategy. Booty, F. (2009). Facilities management handbook. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Wiggins, J. (2015). FM Tutor, FM and the Law. http://www.mazefind.co.uk/FMtutor/fm_and_the_law.pdf 1